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Energy sufficiency

Consuming smarter — not more — to ensure everyone has enough energy within planetary limits.

Energy sufficiency is about consuming smarter, not more. While efficiency relies on technologies to reduce energy use, sufficiency focuses on behaviour, lifestyle, and collective organisation to cut unnecessary demand and ensure fair access to resources. From cycling-friendly urban planning to durable product design, sufficiency measures already exist in our daily lives—yet they remain under-recognised by policymakers. By addressing overconsumption, sufficiency reduces energy poverty, strengthens social equity, and improves health and well-being, all while easing pressure on the climate. Ultimately, it is about ensuring that everyone has enough energy to live well—without exceeding the limits of our environment.

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